River Birch
Scientific Name: Betula nigra
Height: 40-70 ft
Width: 40-60 ft
Growing rate: 12-24 in a year
Seasons
In April and May this tree produces brown and green catkins. In May and June time, it yields a large number of tiny nutlets after female catkins mature. In fall, a baby to adult River Birch tree has chartreuse leaves, while an older River Birch tree will have more yellow leaves. In winter, the tree has an attractive curling papery bark.
Growing Tips
River Birches do best in at least 6 hours a day of direct sunlight. This tree grows best in moist, deep, acidic soil. Once the tree is mature it develops a cinnamon colored bark that curls and peels. It can tolerate both wetness and drought. It is resistant to birch borer.
Fun Facts
These trees naturally grow along the River bank, but can be planted anywhere. It is a fast growing medium sized tree that is suitable for smaller yards. The River Birch is not as popular of a tree compared to Oak or Maple, but it is slowly gaining popularity. In 2002 it was Urban Tree of the year.
Wildlife
This tree attracts butterflies, moths, and songbirds. It hosts over 411 species of moths and butterflies whose caterpillars eat the foliage. Birds in turn feed on these caterpillars, especially during spring migration and the summer breeding season. In the fall and winter, House Finch, American Goldfinch, and other birds eat the birch seeds. Woodpeckers, White-breasted Nuthatch, and others search the loose bark for insects. The tree offers shelter and nesting places for birds as well.
Additional Resources
River Birch Tree on the Tree Guide at arborday.org